Informatics Publishing Limited

Syarifah Abd Rahim ¹, Nor Azila Ramli ¹

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, MY

Abstract

Objectives: Phytoremediation is known as oneof the green solutions to remove toxic contaminants from waste using plants. In this phytoremediation study, the synthetic spent sulfidic caustic (SSC) was introduced to Scirpus grossus plant. The survival of the plant was observed physically and the percentage of sulphide removal from SSC was analyzed.

Methods/Statistical Analysis: Methodology were comprised of initial growth of Scirpusgrossus, thegrowth of S. grossus after induced with synthetic SSC and preparation of synthetic SSC including analysis of pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulphide content.

Findings: The physical observation on the plants showed that after five weeks of exposure, the withered leaves were detected in all sulphide concentration with the highest percentage recorded as 44.0% corresponded to the sulphide concentration of 4.24 mg/L. The analysis for sulphide concentration revealed the concentration of the sulphide reduced and meets the minimun concentration (<0.5 mg/L) as required in Standard A and B of Environmental Quality Act (Industrial Effluents) 2009.

Application/Improvements: Phytoremediation process is possible for sulphide removal using Scirpus grossus plant.

Keywords

Phytoremediation, Scirpus grossus, sulphide.

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Engku Nadia Engku Mat Nasir ¹, Fatinah Ab Rahman ¹, Syarifah Abd Rahim ¹, Raihana Zahirah Edros ², Nornizar Anuar ³

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, MY
2 Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, MY
3 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Ilmu 1/1, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MY

Abstract

Objectives: Metastable zone width (MSZW) is a crucial parameter in designing co-crystallization process in order to achieve required crystal habits. The effects of operating parameters toward metastable zone width of carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal were studied in this research. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Crystallization study was conducted using cooling crystallization method which involves polythermal method. A 250 ml scale size-reactor was used to study the effects of operating parameters on metastable zone width of CBZ-SAC co-crystal which tested with various mol ratio of SAC/CBZ, concentration of CBZ, cooling and heating rates and stirring speeds. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and optical microscopy were applied to characterize the CBZ-SAC co-crystals. Findings: The results show that MSZW decreases as the mol ratios of SAC/CBZ increases, whilst also decreases with CBZ concentrations, cooling rates and stirring speeds. Application/Improvements: Cooling crystallization process is extensively used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs.

Keywords

Co-Crystal, Metastable Zone Width, Nucleation Kinetics, Polythermal Method.

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